Essay about Machiavelli And Morality - 1546 Words

When reading Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, one can’t help but grasp Machiavelli’s argument that morality and politics can not exist in the same forum. However, when examining Machiavelli’s various concepts in depth, one can conclude that perhaps his suggested violence and evil is fueled by a moral end of sorts. First and foremost, one must have the understanding that this book is aimed solely at the Prince or Emperor with the express purpose of aiding him in maintaining power. Therefore, it is essential to grasp his concepts of fortune and virtue. These two contrary concepts reflect the manner in which a Prince should govern while minimizing all chance and uncertainty. This kind of governing demands violence to be taken, however this†¦show more content†¦What must be understood is that the throne is always in jeopardy and someone is always there to try to knock the prince off his pedestal. This is a prime understanding that a prince must have, and fuels the infamous argument by Machiavelli that it is better to be feared than loved. Machiavelli explains that, for the most part, love is very subjective and eventually will subside unless further concessions are made to appease his subjects. In addition, people only care about their personal conveniences and a prince would have to overextend himself if he were to be loved by all. Fear, however, is not subjective and has a universal effect on all his people. Fear can be attained by sporadic violent acts. One must understand, however, that massive amounts of violence can not be done because it would portray the Prince as tyrant, and might stir up his people to revolt against him. The acts must be calculated, concise, and serve a direct purpose not only to his benefit but to the people’s also. Despite what might be assumed, Machiavelli is really developing a principality based around the people, where the Prince’s actions are merely to save his own head from the c hopping block. In essence, Machiavelli’s ideal principality sustains a genuine sense of morality behind the violence that â€Å"must be subjected in order to maintain stability.† Looking at his plans subjectively,Show MoreRelatedMachiavelli and Morality Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesWhen reading Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince, one cant help but grasp Machiavellis argument that morality and politics can not exist in the same forum. However, when examining Machiavellis various concepts in depth, one can conclude that perhaps his suggested violence and evil is fueled by a moral end of sorts. First and foremost, one must have the understanding that this book is aimed solely at the Prince or Emperor with the express purpose of aiding him in maintaining power. Therefore, itRead MoreMorality Vs Machiavelli1161 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates, however, asserts the importance of morality and ethics in a ruler, and argues that soul craft is ideal for an effective leader. Socrates contends, â€Å"Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every other blessing, both to the individual and the state† (Apology, 30b). Indeed, in opposition to Machiavelli, Socrates asserts that following one’s intuition and making decisions based on â€Å"goodness† will never lead a ruler and his state astray. Additionally, Socrates emphasizesRead MoreEssay about Morality: Comparing Hobbes and Machiavelli1203 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the main premises of Leviathan and The Prince is morality. Where morality comes from, how it affects people under a political structure and how human nature contributes or doesn’t to morality. Hobbes and Machiavelli differ widely on each subject. Machiavelli’s views on morality, based upon a literal interpretation of the satire The Prince, is very much a practical and realistic approach to the nature of morality and human nature. Hobbes’ views, based in Leviathan, are of a more idealisticRead Mor eEssay on Machiavellis The Prince: Politics, War, and Human Nature1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthe man. (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 69[1]). In this swift blow, Niccolà ² Machiavelli seems to strike down many visions of morality put up on pedestals by thinkers before his time. He doesnt turn to God or to some sort of common good for his political morality. Instead, he turns to the individual?more specifically, self-preservation in a position of power. Machiavellis vision rules out the possibility of a higher political authority if higher is meant to say that the morality comes fromRead MoreThe Prince Machiavelli Analysis1490 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Prince, Machiavelli advocates for the use of force to achieve the Prince’s goals. However, these acts are justified because they are done to benefit the state. Moreover, Machiavelli’s political philosophy repetitively stresses the fact that the Prince should not act in a way as to cause hatred. In this, cons tant cruelty is inappropriate and unjustifiable because it provokes contempt towards the ruler. In The Prince, Machiavelli discerns that good acts of cruelties â€Å"are carried outRead MoreBooks That Continue To Thrive Centuries After Their Initial1578 Words   |  7 Pagescases, controversy. In the 15th century, Niccolo Machiavelli composed a political treatise that has persisted primarily due to the questionable morality and brutal practices it promotes. Readers have spent centuries wrestling with this small but powerful book, trying to discern Machiavelli’s purpose, as well as how his writing has influenced political leaders since its publication. With a political background during a time of unrest in Italy, Machiavelli wrote with expertise and knowledge, having seenRead MorePolitical Action and Morality in Machiavellian Times1232 Words   |  5 Pagesperhaps the most controversial philosopher of his age, Niccolà ² Machiavelli. The Florentine politician, known most fa mously for his work, The Prince, discusses, among other things, the relationship between morality and political action. However, unlike the vast majority of his European predecessors, who often argued that political power should be in the hands of the morally virtuous ruler, Machiavelli produces a contrary argument, in which morality plays no role in judging the difference between legitimateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesleader, Mark Antony, is more accurately explained using the observations of Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince. In this book Machiavelli outlines the characteristics of a successful leader. When using The Prince as a lens to read Julius Caesar, the correlation between a leader’s Machiavellianism and their success becomes very apparent. Marcus Brutus is undoubtedly an honorable and respectable man, but his morality prevents him from adhering to Machiavelli’s principles. Due to his lack of princelyRead Mor eSocrates And Machiavelli1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe works of Socrates and Machiavelli are as polarized as the phrases â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and â€Å"the ends justify the means.† The Prince by Machiavelli and The Last Days of Socrates by Plato are both crucial texts to the discussion of what makes a good political leader. Well, what makes a good political leader? Socrates would disagree with Machiavelli’s ideation of the Prince because of the immorality that he allows this model to have in the public sphere. However, Socrates wouldRead MoreAdolf Hitler to Machiavellis The Prince1671 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Machiavelli wrote The Prince in the 1500s, his intentions did not apply to the twentieth century. Some very important figures of the twentieth century used basic ideals from The Prince to obtain and maintain their position in power. One of these individuals was Adolf Hitler. Hitler used numerous Machiavellian ideas to win his re spective place in Germanys government. The two most important Machiavellian principles that Hitler used were winning the people and how he dealt with cruelty and

The Capitalist Driven Society Of The United States

Kelly Mulquin Dr. Pratt Intro to Sociology 11/12/2014 In the capitalist-driven society of the United States, there is a constant impetus towards expansion, investment, and maximization of profits. While this system has helped the US become one of the wealthiest countries in the world it has also contributed to a widening gap between the wealthiest and poorest members of society. This essay will examine two of the poorest populations in the United States, the Central Appalachian region of Kentucky and the population in Camden, New Jersey through the lens of two 20/20 segments reported by Diane Sawyer: â€Å"Waiting on the World to Change† and â€Å"A Hidden America: Children of the Mountains†. This essay will examine the interplay between economic life and family structure in these regions, and how this interplay shapes individual behavior. In the early 20th century, both the Appalachian region and Camden were financially prosperous. Large-scale logging and coal mining firms brought wage-paying jobs and modern amenities t o Appalachia and Camden served as a major center for manufacturing and industry. Following World War II, the coal mining industry experienced major decline. Mechanical innovations that reduced the number of laborers needed, competition from cheaper fuels, and fewer accessible and profitable seams contributed to a major decline in the coal industry. The decline of this industry, once the major source of jobs and economic activity in the region, led to a spike inShow MoreRelatedThe Restrictive Nature Of Communism1193 Words   |  5 Pagesrestrictive nature of Communism contributes immensely to its lack of viability. In Friedrich Engels’ Communist Confession of Faith, Engels--a peer of Marx’s with whom he worked closely--outlines these restrictive qualities as positive aspects of Communist society. For instance, Engels asserts that, â€Å"Every individual strives to be happy. The happiness of the individual is inseparable from the happiness of all,† (Marx, Karl, F riedrich Engels). However, he then proceeds to define as essential shifts to the abolitionRead MoreMarx Theory Of Reserve Army Of Labour1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmigration. Marx theory of reserve army of labour is central to what he has to say about capitalism and workers wages; the proletariat. Most migrants in society today migrate to the US and end up working in factories where they manage machinery. Marx theory illustrates how capitalist industries consists of two parts - the machinery and the workers. Capitalist industries expand by sukingin their workers to operate the machinery, upping their wages and attracting more of them. By doing so the worker is necessaryRead MoreThe Mutual Relationship Of Politics And Economics994 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical foundation. As Sklar states in The Corporate Reconstruction and the Antitrust Law, â€Å"there is no society more ‘political’ than the ‘market society,’ that is, capitalist society.† (p. 88) Th e origins of a political economy are quite old, but the actual creation stems back hundreds of years to some of the earliest corporations. A political economy uses personal politics to give advantage to the market, specifically through law. The law lays the foundation for capitalist expansion, and corporationsRead MoreThe Political Terms Left And Right Were Devised During The French Revolution898 Words   |  4 Pagesradical ideology of the left is defined as political positions or activities that accepts or supports social equality, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. Often those of left wing ideology involve in concern for those in society who are perceived at a disadvantage relative to others and a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. They propose a view of human beings living together harmoniously without great disparities in wealthRead MoreIdeology Of Intensive Mothering1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe pa triarchal institution of motherhood, exploits the tenets of the intensive mothering ideology, to conform mothers into the ideal consumer to further benefit the economy and the capitalist state. In contemporary society, the fear of being labeled a ‘bad’ mother has driven mothers to strive for unrealistic goals which reinforce the ideology of intensive mothering. Sharon Hays definition of intensive mothering helps define the qualities that must be attained to be a good mother. In Hays definitionRead MoreKarl Marx And The Productive Power1182 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieved that growth is driven by the progression of the productive power by human. This productive power was also the rise and fall of an economic structure according to how progression is supported and downcast. Marx suggest that through communism it is possible to eliminate the constraint that exploitation has on the society’s laborers. The mode of production involves the methods humans use to produce the resources to sustain the provision for survival and to improve society as a whole. The two componentsRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution1326 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness. In seeking competitive advantage, the United States has targeted a niche for itself at the top of the world economy: It has opted to use the highest technology, to have the most capital- and knowledge-intensive industries, and to produce the highest quality and highest value-added goods and services. Surfing the crest of this giant wave is not easy: To maintain its prosperity, the U.S. economy must be in a state of constant change, driven by a process of â€Å"creative destruction.† InefficientRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Crime And Deviance1696 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx was a sociologist in the eighteenth century and was one of the first to develop and explain a conflict perspective on how society functions, he was a l iberal reformist who had more radical views about the origins of crime and deviance. He became popular in the US and UK during the 1970’s. Like many radical criminologists, he developed the perspective of the conflict theory that explained how some social interactions result in to conflict and how individuals engage in conflict daily toRead MoreAustralias Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesof a combined fear of communism and the fall of freedom from danger in Australian democracy and society. The growing web of communism saw the fall of many countries closing in on Australia and New Zealand, and it was believed Robert Menzies’ government that they would find communism at Australia’s shores. Australians were anti-communist during the Vietnam War; due to a level of hype that the society, the media, and the government were exposed to. The â€Å"domino effect† was a popular analogy duringRead MoreGlobalization Has Transformed Our Economic Lives1609 Words   |  7 PagesSociology has looked at the way people interact with one another in groups, cultures, societies and organizations. An emerging topic in sociology that takes in a bigger and more worldly view is globalization. Globalization is defined as taking into account the way the world becomes more connected with itself through cultural, transportation and communication means. These international connections came before the time of capitalism and colonization itself. Long since then, countries have traded with

Plato Republic Discussion Question Free Essays

In platos republic, book VI, platos tells the story of Allegory of the cave. This story tells of what plato believes true education is. First plato tells what education is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato Republic Discussion Question or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Education isn’t what some people declare it to be, namly, putting knowledge into souls that lack it, like putting sight into blind eyes†(518b) then plato describes what he thinks education is. â€Å"Then education is the craft concerned with doing this very thing, this turning around, and with how the soul can most easily and effectively be made to do it. It isn’t the craft of putting sight into the soul. Education takes for granted that sight is there but that it isn’t turned the right way or looking where it ought to look, and it tries to redirect it appropriately. † (518d)I believe in the story, the effect on one who goes into education is that he possesses the spiritual enlightenment of the form of the good. Education is up to man himself and can only learn to a certain limit. In the sensible realm, the lowest on the list is the shadows, imagers, and reflections. In the story the prisoners can only see the shadows and nothing else. This effects their soul because they are only limited to that and the soul has nothing to grow upon. Education is like the metaphor of the sun, being able to see clearly and in reality. I think platos view of education is sensible to me. I understand how plato is explaining how the shadows and darkness is like being limited and unless you find the light you will not be successful. Once you find the light it will help you to get away from the shadows and be able to â€Å"see† more clearly. How to cite Plato Republic Discussion Question, Papers

Professional Research and Communication Development

Question: Discuss about the Professional Research and Communication Development. Answer: Introduction: The area that is selected for the as a domain of IT project is cloud computing. Rittinghouse and Ransome (2016) depicts that the basic of cloud computing offers a virtual storage of data rather than having to build and maintain computing infrastructures. This procedure can be used to consume a computer resource so that an organization can get the benefit of self-service provisioning and elasticity (Fernando et al., 2013). The particular cloud computing services that are taken into consideration is the Amazon Web services, which is a leading cloud computing organization in Australia (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). It is evident that this leading brand offers the facility to purchase objects and perform all the transactional procedures through online. People across the world use their services and experience their services. Ranjan et al. (2015) portray that thus they need anon-demand computing platform for storing the details of the employees, customers, products and the logistics through which the products is delivered to the destined customer. Thus, the worldview of the researcher is to find how Amazon Web Services (AWS) accomplishes their functions and stores the data of the customers and products. The research can also be done in the field of the benefit the concerned organization gets by using the cloud computing services. In addition to that, research paradigm is defined as a set of assumptionsfor conducting the research for the selected topic that is the influence of cloud computing at Amazon Web Services. Creswell (2013) depicts that research parading comprises of three sections- research philosophy, research design and research approach. Primarily research philosophy is of three types- Positivism, Realism and interpretivism (Li, 2016). In Positivism, large samples are considered and previous research study and provides knowledge of the findings of the data; while, in Realism, is based on the assumption of a scientific approach (Punch, 2013). Lastly, in interpretivism, a socially constructed assumption is considered. It is better to use positivism approach for the research as it allows for cross-checking the information and data on impacts on Amazon Web Services by using cloud computing. Moreover, the research approach comprises of two aspects- Inductive and Deductive approach of research. Punch (20 13) defines that inductive approach allows formulating new theories based on the collected data; while, the deductive approach aimed to test the previous theories. As the technology of cloud computing is new, it is better to consider the inductive approach as it helps to deal with the uncertainty of the future by dealing with the upcoming results from the concerned technology. Research design comprises of two aspects- exploratory and explanatory research design (Creswell, 2013). Richey and Klein (2014) furthermore depicts that in exploratory research design, the research topic is explored to obtain the research objective while explanatory research resembles the situation of connecting ideas to understand the research objective. In this research process, it is beneficial to uses both the research design for getting a better result regarding the research topic. The prime reason behind this selection is previous theories can be evaluated in search of new theories on the benefits of clo ud computing that is perceived by Amazon Web Services. Research on new policies The given scenario illustrates a research approach that is conducted by a research worker regarding the students reactions towards a newly implemented policy on closed campus locations. The prime objective of conducting the research is to evaluate whether this new policy is beneficial or not for the students and the academic organization. In this context, the problem in the selected way of research will be illustrated. Sampling technique is primarily of two types- probabilistic and non-probabilistic. Desu (2012) defines that in probabilistic sampling technique, all the respondent are provided equal chances to participate in the research; while in non-probabilistic sampling techniques, not all the respondents are provided equal chance to participate. In this research also, sampling techniques of the non-probabilistic method are used, which represented the biases in selecting the sample for the research as not all students, who went to dean are chosen. Only every fourth student who visits the dean is considered for the interviews. Moreover, another problem that shows the biasness of the research expert is the data analysis techniques. Punch (2013) depicts that data collected for research can be analyzed through two ways- quantitative data and qualitative data. Instead of conducting the data through questioner, the research group chose the way of the interview that allows them to get an exact response with proper justification directly from the interviewee but this method of the investigation suffers from many drawbacks. Bryman and Bell (2015) mentioned that qualitative analysis that is occurred through interview details has experts biasness and it is unavoidable. Another drawback is that method does not easily allow the evaluation of the statistical data and hence cannot be utilized to formulate assumptions beyond the current group of students in the academic institutions (Cohen et al. 2013). In addition to that, quantitative data results in an outcome that is free from any kind of perception biasness and henc e gives exact research results. This process is also not used by the research workers. Research variables on defined hypothesis The given scenario portrays an incidence where a research expert desires to find a relationship between students who participates in two different activities. One of the activities is to participate in after-school programs and another activity is to participate in rote learning, where students learn tomemorize technique based on repetition. The hypothesis formulated by the research expert resembles that, those students who take part in an after-school program related to critical thinking skills gains more academic achievement and self-esteem compared to the students, who are undertaking the option of rote learning. Moreover, based on the given hypothesis, it can be assumed that the research question is- The impact of after school programs and rote memorization on critical skill thinking skills, academic achievements and self-esteem. The prime objective of this assessment is to find the independent variables and the dependent variables according to the research topic. Ary et al. (2013) defines that variable of a research topic are given a special name that only used in the investigation purpose of the research. Creswell (2013) depicts that an independent variable may have an effect on the dependent variable and has a major occurrence in the research; while, a dependent variable is monitored whether they are impacted or not. Dependent variable is also known as explained variable," "responding variable and measured variable (Ary et al., 2013). Thus, it can be stated that the in this context, the independent variables are after school programs and rote memorization and the dependent variables are c ritical thinking skills, academic achievements and self-esteem. The research experts here desire to find the level of critical thinking skills, academic achievements and self-esteem on the students who participate in after school programs and rote memorization. The research expert assumes that after school programs result in more critical-thinking skills, academic achievements and self-esteem in students than in the rote memorization programs. Reference List Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C. K., Walker, D. (2013).Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2013).Research methods in education. Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Desu, M. M. (2012).Sample size methodology. Elsevier. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Li, Y. (2016). Research Design and Methodology. InExpatriate Managers Adaption and Knowledge Acquisition(pp. 73-129). Springer Singapore. Punch, K. F. (2013).Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage. Ranjan, R., Benatallah, B., Dustdar, S., Papazoglou, M. P. (2015). Cloud Resource Orchestration Programming: Overview, Issues, and Directions.IEEE Internet Computing,19(5), 46-56. Richey, R. C., Klein, J. D. (2014).Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press.

Fagins clothes Essay Example

Fagins clothes Paper Dickens also describes Fagins clothes, what Fagin wears appears to make him look very poor. He was dressed in a greasy flannel gown, with his throat bare. This is meant to make the reader know that Fagin or the Jew is poor and doesnt dress particularly well, because at the time it was considered polite for men to have a covered throat.  Fagin later greets Oliver by saying: We are very glad to see you, Oliver, very. He talks to Oliver in almost a sarcastic tongue, because the Jew is not really pleased to see Oliver, he is only pleased to see Oliver because Oliver could become another pickpocket and ultimately make some money and a living. By doing this Fagin is exploiting Olivers young mind, Oliver wont understand that the Jew is being sarcastic, Oliver will just think the Jew is being nice. This gives the impression that Fagin is a very sneaky character. Fagin then sees that Oliver is looking at his handkerchiefs and is very quick to defend himself on the origins of the handkerchiefs. Ah youre staring at my pocket handkerchiefs! Eh my dear! There are a good many of them aint there? Weve just hung them out; ready for the wash; thats all, Oliver thats all ha! Ha! Ha! Again the way that Dickens wants the sentence to be interpreted is sarcastic, the way that Fagin says that the handkerchiefs are his own is obviously incorrect which makes the reader question Fagin: where did he really get those handkerchiefs from. Dickens wants the reader to immediately know that Fagin is not as nice as he appears to be and is actually a dangerous figure. Also after he says this the young pupils of Fagin all laugh as if the very phrase that Fagin just said was a joke. This again is an attempt by Dickens to give the hint to the reader that what Fagin says is a lie, and the pocket-handkerchiefs are not his at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Fagins clothes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fagins clothes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fagins clothes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Jew mixed him a glass of hot gin and water, telling him he must drink it off directly because another gentlemen wanted the tumbler He sunk into a deep sleep. Oliver is made to drink the hot gin and water very quickly and shortly after he falls into a deep sleep; the gin and water obviously contains a sleeping drought. This also is another attempt by Dickens to make the reader think or assume that the Jew is very tricky and sneaky person and is also someone that you cannot trust. Oliver wakes up the next day alone in the house with just Fagin, and sees Fagin looking at jewels and also talking to himself about capital punishment. He sat down and drew form it, a magnificent gold watch sparkling with jewels the way Dickens says that Fagins eyes glistened when he opened the box containing the jewels suggests to the reader that Fagin only really cares about himself and he really only loves money (or things that can get him money; in this case the watch). Later on fagin talks to himself: what a fine thing capital punishment is! Dead men never repent; dead men never bring awkward stories to light. Ah! Its a fine thing for the trade! Five of them strung up in a row, and none left to play booty, or turn white-livered. Dickens made Fagin talk to himself to make the reader think that Fagin himself is a strange weird character and very self-obsessed. Also when Fagin is talking about how good capital punishment is, he means that capital punishment is good for him because the people who get caught by the police and are sent to be hanged are not able to tell the police about Fagin and his dodgy dealings because they are dead. Dickens again used this to tell the reader that Fagin is a criminal and is not a very respectable person, he only cares about himself because he is only happy for capital punishment because it means none of his caught associates turn him in. Fagins attitude very suddenly changes to a snappy aggressive one when he sees that Oliver had just seen everything that he had done and had said. He closed the box with a loud crash; and laying his hand on a bread knife which was on the table, stared furiously up. This shows that Fagin himself is an extremely snappy character in the way he slammed the box and lay his hand over the bread knife; this could also show to the reader that Fagin is violent and aggressive. It could also show to he reader that Fagin was only being nice to Oliver the night before because he didnt want him to run away, he was trying to befriend him for his own selfish misuse. He then threatens Oliver to tell him what he has seen and heard. What have you seen? Speak out boy! Quick! Quick! For your life! This shows to the reader that Fagin Is extremely curious on what Oliver has seen and heard, this is probably because the jewels that he got tout the box before werent his own. Fagins attitude rapidly changes in this section and this tells the reader that Fagin is an extremely snappy aggressive figure, especially when it comes to his possessions, probably because there not really his. Dickens later on describes the Jew when he is going for a meal: He describes the Jew again in an extremely negative view. He describes him using phrases like: Shrivelled body, evil, and villainy, demoniacal a hideous old man. Dickens attitude to the Jew is obviously negative and he describes him in this way because of his attitude. The reader would react to this in a repulsive manner because if they picture Fagin in this instance they dont get a particularly nice picture. Dickens wants the reader to associate Fagin, with criminals and generally nasty, horrible things. After building up Fagin to be a thorough villain he finally gets caught and is imprisoned. While in the prison waiting to be hanged his attitude changes extremely. He goes from a seemingly joyful character, full of himself to a depressed sorrowful character, of which the reader may even feel be slightly sorrowful for him themselves given the circumstances. In reply to the question Are you a man? he says I shant be on for long looking up with a face retaining no human expression but rage and terror. Strike them all-dead! What Right do they have to butcher me? His attitude has already changed dramatically from his old bubberly full of himself attitude, to one full of rage, terror and worry. Fagin has suddenly became aware of the act that he will soon become one in the long line of people to be hung for his crime. He is full of rage and anger because he is next to be hung for his crime and did not believe he was going to get caught. Oliver then come s in and talks to Fagin about their ordeal. Oh! God forgive this wretched man! cried Oliver, this shows that although all of the bad things Fagin has done to Oliver, Oliver is still willing to forgive Fagin. This is a typical Victorian ending in which Fagin gets his just end and Oliver the small boy who was at the end of some of Fagins dealing forgives Fagin. The Victorian reader would be satisfied with this ending because everything ends up for the best.  In conclusion I think Dickens created Fagin in his light because he wanted to show his attitude and the attitude of most Victorians in that time to Jews. In Victorian times most people did agree with Dickens and his vies on social reform and Jews. In Short I think Dickens aired a lot of his views on social reform, what he thought of the laws and Jews in the novel.

Cooperate Downsizing essays

Cooperate Downsizing essays The U.S. economy was at the height of economic expansion, stocks were near all time highs, corporate profits were strong, and the unemployment rate was at its lowest in two decades. At the same time, the major corporations in the United States were firing workers by the hundreds of thousands, and job insecurity had risen to an extremely high level. What was also ironic was the fact that the corporations who were initiating the downsizings were considered to be some of the strongest and most profitable in the country. Although these events seem to be inconsistent, this is what has happened throughout the decade of the 1990's. Traditionally, downsizing was a direct result of a decline in the demand for a firm's product and a tool for company survival. The first duty of an organization is to survive. Downsizing is a legitimate tool for survival but not necessarily the best choice for every circumstance. This would mean that fewer items needed to be produced, therefore less employees were needed. Downsizing was also used as a way to cut costs during times of recession. But, the downsizings observed in the 1990's did not fit this mold. Instead of downsizing for survival, companies were using this as a strategic plan for creating an increase in stock prices. The intent of downsizings by these top corporations who were already very profitable was to become "lean and mean". Downsizing will be examined as a strategic option that management can exercise in order to boost equity value. Downsizing is defined as a reduction in the number of employees, and sometimes in the number of operating units within a company. It began as a strategy of weak corporations as a way to reduce the costs of the company. Shareholder wealth was the main concern, and companies were willing to do whatever they thought necessary to convince the market that the stock price should rise. The stock price had become more import ...

Various Religious Restrictions in Many Forms of Art Assignment

Various Religious Restrictions in Many Forms of Art - Assignment Example It does not add anything foreign to its shape because the religion believes that the work of man is never equal to God’s art. To add to this, focus on the Quran brought about illustration and calligraphy. The Quran also makes explicit and various prohibitions on figurative imagery like bowing to gods as well as prohibit iconography. Unlike in Islamic art, Christian art is extraordinary because it does not illustrate the particular style of art, region, or period, but rather a specific choice of purpose, which entails extensive styles and forms. Getlein (378) also explains that Christian art touches on subjects like theology, politics, history, and philosophy. Having started with the minority groups, who had singled out their beliefs, it started having a universal occurrence in both private and public buildings to what was referred to as Christendom. Christian art was seen in great churches, abbeys, royal palaces, and cathedrals. It was also seen parishes, small churches, and private residential. The imagery of Christian was also evident in mosaic and wall-paintings in the walls of churches. What impacted the nature and creation of Christian was the decision of Paul to spread the gospel and when Constantine embraced Christianity. Christian art can also be traced towards the beginning and end of both second and t hird century. In the Old Testament, there are prohibitions of images, which are graven, families would be buried in tombs that were carved with marble and outside the walls of Rome, and the Romans would dig catacombs to bury their family members (Getlein 15). In chapter 21 of The Living Art, different works of arts have been exhibited from writers and artists who found it thrilling and overwhelming because they recognized art as modern. Getlein (506) argues that modernity is said to have developed a new type of society in the wake of revolution from diverse art movements like an American, Industrial, and  the French revolution.

Englishness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Englishness - Essay Example Lamming continues that Englishness is often defined in its colonizing and expanding terms, as an instrument to demonstrate superiority and class division. Laclau (1985) sees the social differentiation also as geographical one - England and the colonized territories -West Indies, Africa, Australia. The geographical places also create ambiguity in the religious sphere, because if you are different on the bases on religious beliefs, historical background, social class, than one can not be included in the "Englishness" shared by the natives. . Lamming (1984) remarks that there is a linguistic barrier too - well-spoken English versus the broken English. Englishness appeared as an ideology as early as 18th, transforming itself into a modern phenomenon separating colonized people from the industrialized society and well-taught Christians from elite class. The distinguished English attitude establishes boundaries between the white race and the others described as savages and primitive (James 1984). Consequently, the very skin color empowers the people to incorporate certain English attitudes towards the different ones, adding more features into the differentiation. In this way the white people disempower the colonized subject, disparaging both his culture and his human status. Lamming (1984) gives an example of the English writer embodying the Englishness and the West Indian writer which can not be grasped as intelligent and thoughtful as the English one. In this sense otherness is seen "part of his historic contract, the English critic accepts-for what else can he do-the privilege so natural and so free of being the child and product and voice of a colonizing civilization (Lamming 30)." The Englishness doctrine leads to hegemony and postcolonial supremacy (James 1984). Englishness lay paternity claims over the different cultures and renders invisibility so as to minimize their influential contribution to the variety of cultures that Englishness must include. Eagleton (1976) in his chapter 'Ideology and literary form" includes a definition of "ideology" and how the literary form of it has brought it to disarray. "In English literary culture of the past century, the ideological basis of organic form is peculiarly visible, as a progressively impoverished bourgeois liberalism attempts to integrate more ambitious and affective ideological modes (Eagleton 161)."Macherey (2006) in his most pivotal literary theory focuses his attention both on the reader and on the writer. Macherey's (2006) statement is that the very act of reading produces numerous interpretations and meanings in the different readers, which are beyond the control of the writer. Generating a new branch of post-structuralist theory Macherey (2006) argues that contemporary literature announces the death of the author, because it evokes all kinds of interpretations into its reader. Macherey (2006) compares the critical viewpoint of the reader with psychological analyses which aim to discover the hidden meaning behind the text. The text plays on the unconscious of the readers. In his short story "A Sahib's War" Kipling uses the device of the "imperfectly-informed narrator". The story is set during the Second Boer War and is told through Sikh soldier's point of view. Although he reports everything that is happening around

How has law enforcement operation evolved since the 1800 Research Paper

How has law enforcement operation evolved since the 1800 - Research Paper Example However, with changing trends, the law enforcement system has substantially evolved over the decades and perceptions have changed from penalizing a criminal to providing them with improvement and correction routes (Germann et al., 1970). This dissertation provides a comprehensive discussion on evolution of law enforcement and criminal justice systems from the 1800s to present. Brief history Law enforcement and crime has always been part and parcel of our society in one form or the other, even back in times of cave dwellers. Tribal people also had a raw form of justice system whereby law-breakers and their closed ones were punished in any manner deemed appropriate. Soon, a need was felt for a formal law and order system with special agencies in place to control crime through authorized punishments. Eventually a system was formed whereby laws were established by ruling authorities while enforced by designated officials. First time, during the Middle Ages, standard form of punishment wa s introduced in form of exile from a territory or tribe, later followed by payment systems for compensating aggrieved party or his family against waiver of punishment. Subsequently in beginning of 18th century, William Penn introduced the corrections facility system in order to eradicate and replace harsh means of punishment. As a direct result of this, crime rates decreased and there was an overall improvement in criminals’ mindsets. Nevertheless, the system was unfair towards minors and was based on the Puritan view whereby offenses committed by children were severely prosecuted with the beliefs that they are sinful and wicked. This was combated by establishment of a juvenile justice system in 1820s which aimed at protecting minors from prosecution under criminal law. Illinois introduced the 1st juvenile court to regulate cases involving offenses made by children and to protect interests of neglected, dependent or orphaned minors. Evolution process A political era ran from 1840 till 1930 and was characterized mainly by decentralization of law enforcement. Officers were designated to various sects and they develop close relationships with people belonging to those territories. They controlled crime through foot patrolling and had political support from various bureaucratic leaders. As a result, they were significantly absorbed by corruption and bribery and exhibited discrimination against minority classes. However, subsequently regulatory bodies introduced Pendleton Act to suppress bureaucracy and power of such people. Additionally, they made efforts to empower and give equal rights to classes treated inferiorly. Consequently, first woman police officer, namely Maria Owen, was appointed in 1883, marking a turning point in law enforcement history. The era soon faded away and was replaced by the professional era which lasted till 1980. This era saw stronger controls, decreased crime rates and centralization and better managed operations. Officers were tr ained to keep a professional stance within societies, keeping distance from people to avoid emotional attachment. They were well-educated and were given better facilities such as vehicles for patrolling. Consequently, various federal agencies were established by Congress, intended to help conventional police forces in complex cases. The term ‘national security’, commonly used today, was coined under this era by President Truman. He instructed that a body and law

Web Usage Mining for Web Page Recommendation

Web Usage Mining for Web Page Recommendation A Survey On Web Usage Mining For Web Page Recommendation Using Biclustering ABSTRACT The World Wide Web contains an increasing amount of websites which in turn contains increasing number of web pages. When any user visits a new website they have to go through large number of web pages to meet their requirements. Web usage mining is the process of extracting useful knowledge from the server logs. This useful knowledge can be applied to target marketing and in the design of web portals. A Recommender system is one of the best web usage mining Application which reduces the difficulties faced by the users to meet their requirements .It recommends the pages of interest to the user. This report includes the survey of different clustering and biclustering techniques. Also we will discuss the biclustering approach which has some advantages over the traditional clustering approach. Keywords : Web usage mining, Recommender system, biclustering I. INTRODUCTION The World Wide Web store, share, and distribute information in the large scale. There is large number of internet users on the web. They are facing many problems like information overload due to the significant and rapid growth in the amount of information and the number of users. As a result, how to provide web users with more exactly needed information is becoming a critical issue in web applications. Web mining extracts interesting pattern or knowledge from web data. It is classified into three types as web content mining, web structure, and web usage mining. Web usage mining is the most important area of web mining which deals with the extraction of useful knowledge from the web usage data. There are different kinds of datasets on which web usage mining can be performed. They are in the form of log files. These log files can be stored at server side, proxy side and client side. Mostly the server side log files are used for web usage mining. Before the mining process various pre-p rocessing techniques can be applied to the log files, for example, pre-processing, pattern discovery, pattern analysis. The data mining techniques like Association rule mining, Sequential pattern analysis; Classification and Clustering are used to mine the web usage data. The mined knowledge can be helpful in different web applications like personalization of web Content, support for the design, E-commerce, and many other web applications. In this paper we discuss clustering technique of data mining for web usage data. Clustering is one of the important data mining technique to discover usage pattern from the web usage data. The users with the same browsing pattern are clustered in the same group and the others are clustered in different groups. In this survey we consider biclustering algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GAs) for effective clustering. In general, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a search heuristic that mimics the process of natural selection. This heuristic (also sometimes called a metaheuristic) is routinely used to generate useful solutions to optimization and search problems [10]. So, we believe that a clustering technique with Genetic algorithm can provide relevant clusters more effectively. A traditional clustering method clusters users according to their similarity of browsing behaviour under all pages. However, it is often the case that some users have similar behaviour only on a subset of pages. For example consider below example user page matrix. [2] TABLE-1 : USER PAGE MATRIX When all pages are considered users 1, 2, and 4 do not show similar behaviour since their hit count values are uncorrelated under page 2 ,while users 1 and 2 have an increased hit count value from page 1 to page 2, the hits of user 4 drops from page 1 to page 2. However, these users behave similarly under pages 1, 3, and 4 since all their hit count values increase from page 1 to page 3 and increase again for page 4. A traditional clustering method will fail to recognize such a cluster since the method requires the three users to behave similarly under all pages which are not the case [2]. To overcome this problem Biclustering or Two- way clustering was introduced. Biclustering was first introduced by Hartigan and called it direct clustering [1]. Following section describes some of the clustering and biclustering methods together with Genetic algorithm available in the literature. II. LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 WEB MINING Web mining is categorized into three areas which are Web usage mining, Web content mining, and Web structure mining [6]. Web usage mining makes use of logs that are generated by the Web server to make sense of the user’s behaviour on the Web. The logs captured by web servers are the primary source of data in web usage mining, and it is important as it explicitly records the browsing behaviour of site visitors. The greatest advantage of the web server logs is that they are records of what people have actually done, and not what they might do or thought they did [4]. Web personalization based on Web usage mining involves three phases; data preparation and transformation, pattern discovery, and recommendation. In the first stage, the web server logs will undergo intensive pre-processing stage that will remove all irrelevant information and prepare the logs for pattern discovery to derive the user profile. A previous study used frequency and duration as indicators to represent the interest degree of a Web page to a user in the session. Another separate study indicates that contiguous sequential patterns found in frequent navigational paths are more suitable for predictive tasks, such as predicting which item the user will access next during his navigation. Recent studies on sequential patterns in web log data show that ordered sequence of events can discover web users’ navigational patterns [4]. Web content mining is the process of extracting knowledge from the content of Web documents [6]. One of the challenges in Web content is to extract useful information from the pages. This stage is known as Web content cleaning. A Web page typically contains a mixture of many kinds of information, such as the main content, advertisements, navigation panels, and copyright notices [5]. Web content mining techniques alone is unable to handle dynamic content changes in news sites. On the other hand, personalization based on web usage by itself is not able to reflect the changes in site content, because these changes are not included in the Web logs. As Web usage and Web content have limitations, combining these two areas will harness both of their use for personalization [4]. 2.2 WEB LOG A Web log is a file to which the Web server writes information each time a user requests a resource from that particular site. All users’ web access activities of a website are recorded by the WWW server of the website and stored into the Web Server Logs. Each user access record contains the client IP address, request time, requested URL, user ID, HTTP status code, etc. Web log consist of attributes with the data values in the form of records. The information contained in web logs has been used in many different ways. In various studies, researchers and search engine administrators have used information from web logs to learn about the search process and to improve search engines. Besides learning about search engines or their users, query web logs are also being used to infer semantic concepts or relations [3]. 2.3 DATA COLLECTION There are three main sources to get the row log data, which are namely 1) Client Log File 2) Proxy Log File 3) Web Server Log File Web Server Log File: The most significant and frequently used source for web usage mining is web server log data. This web log data is generated automatically by web server when it services user request, which contains all information about visitor’s activity. The common server log file types are access log, agent log, error log and referrer log [7] Table-1 summarizes each. TABLE-2: WEB SERVER LOG FILE TYPES AND CONTENT[7] Depending on web server, web log file data varies on number, type of attributes, and format of log file. W3C maintains standard log file format however custom log file format can be configured. Many varied format are available like 1.Common log format, 2.Extended common log format, 3. Centralized log format, 4.NCSA common log format, 5.ODBC logging, 6.Centralized binary logging. among all common or extended file format are mainly implemented by web server. [7] Common Log Format (CLF) may contain following fields [host/IP rfcname logname [DD/MMM/YYYY: HH:MM:SS-0000] â€Å"METHOD/PATH HTTP/ 1.0† bytes] [7] 2.4 RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM Recommender systemsorrecommendation systems are a subclass ofinformation filtering systemthat seek to predict the rating or preference that user would give to an item.The most popular ones are probably movies, music, news, books, research articles, search queries, social tags, and products in general. However, there are also recommender systems for experts, jokes, restaurants, financial services,life insurance, persons (online dating), and Twitter followers.[9] Various data mining techniques applied on web recommendation system for the data Pre-processing of web server log data. III. METHODS AND MATERIALS 3.1 BICLUSTER Bicluster Types [8] Different biclustering algorithms have different definitions of bicluster. 1) Bicluster with constant values (a), 2) Bicluster with constant values on rows (b) or columns (c), 3) Bicluster with coherent values (d). (a) (b) (c) (d) 3.2 CLICKSTREAM DATA PATTERN Clickstream data is a sequence of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) browsed by the user within a particular period of time. By analyzing these data we can discover web users having similar browsing pattern. It requires some preprocessing before it is taken for analyse[1]. 3.3 INITIAL BICLUSTERS[1] K-Means clustering method is applied on the web user access matrix A(U, P) along both dimensions separately to generate ku user clusters and kp page clusters .And then combine the results to obtain small co-regulated sub matrices (ku Ãâ€" kp) called biclusters. These correlated biclusters are also called seeds. 3.4 COHERENT BICLUSTERING FRAMEWORK USING GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA) [1] Usually, GA is initialized with the population of random solutions. In our case, after the greedy local search procedure the optimization technique genetic algorithm is applied on biclusters to get the optimum bicluster. This will result in faster convergence compared to random initialization. Algorithm: Evolutionary Biclustering Algorithm [1] Input: Set enlarged and refined seed Output: Optimal Bicluster Step 1. Initialize the population. Step 2. Evaluate the fitness of individuals Step 3. For i =1 to max_iteration Selection() Crossover() Mutation() Evaluate the fitness End(For) Step 4. Return the optimal bicluster Using the above algorithm we can generate optimum biclusters from web usage data which exhibits high coherence between the web user and the pages visited by them. Analyzing these overlapping coherent biclusters could be very beneficial for direct marketing, target marketing and also useful for recommending system, web personalization systems, web usage categorization and user profiling. The interpretation of biclustering results is also used by the company for focalized marketing campaigns to improve their performance of the business [1]. IV. CONCLUSION The Biclustering approach overcomes the problem associated with traditional clustering methods by showing the higher coherence between the web user and the subset of pages visited by them. The result of Biclustering can be used in the focalized marketing strategy like direct marketing and target marketing. The recommendation system will give the website its most visited pages by its all user. It also gives information of the user having same behaviour on subset of pages. So it target on improving the website’s design, information availability and quality of services. Future work aims at extending this framework by using it as a pre-processing tool for the web page recommendation system. REFERENCES

Eleanor Of Aquitaine Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor was one of three grandchildren born from the dishonest relationship between William IX of Aquitaine and Dangereuse, wife of the viscount of Chà ¢tellerault. William IX had stolen Dangereuse from the viscount, and even though the two could not officially marry, they had allowed their oldest children to marry each other. Dangereuse’s oldest daughter Aenor had married William IX’s oldest son, William X. They had three children, two daughters, Eleanor and Petronilla, and a son, William Aigret. Of the three, Eleanor was unique in that she resembled her grandparents more than she did her parents. She had the same traits of an iron will, gaiety, restlessness, and intelligence possessed by her grandparents. These are the trains which will help her become the queen of two nations in medieval Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor of Aquitaine has been a very influential person in medieval Europe. Though her name and accomplishments are not universally recognized, they were nevertheless important in shaping Europe into the continent today. She had been born into wealth, and it had never left her side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eleanor had been married to King Louis VII of France, which was when she had received her first taste of great powers. However, after several years of debilitating problems, the marriage had obviously come to its end. Eleanor had requested an annulment from the church so that she and Louis VII would still remain r...

Pens Is Mighter Than the Sword Essay

Apparently, its structure is also not impressive in its built, but it has great strength and power. The holder of pen is always knowledgeable and learned man. He succeeds everywhere and his orders are obeyed. If the weapon of a warrior is a sword, the weapon of a learned and a commanding authority is the pen. Who so ever held the pen he would get the respect, wealth and fame, and he who left it, would become ineffective, unsuccessful and futile. History has proved that the pen is mightier. All philosophers, doctors, educated and wise men, scientists, poets, writers and engineers got their repute due to the pen. Their names are still alive today only on account of their books, theories, laws and their written works left behind them. Had they not held the pen in their hand, they would not have had education and ultimately their names would have been buried with them in the grave and remained unknown in oblivion. The progress of sciences, evolution, and advancement of the world at large, all is indebted to the pen only. The man invented electricity, ships, Aeroplane, radio and television. He is now commanding seas, mountain, rivers, air, water, fire, the Sun the Moon and the Earth. He is willing to go beyond the moon. The man had invented the computer, robot, and he has succeeded in inventing the treatment of previously un-curable diseases. The information technology has brought the countries of the world very closer to each other. The latest news of one end of the world is known to the other end in a fraction of time. All these miracles have been possible by the knowledge delivered by pen. Now some of us might wonder how the pen can be mightier than the sword. Yes! None can deny the sword has also great importance, because it is the next name of might and power. However, the sword can create havoc, spread a sense of terror like Changez Khan, and conquer the world. With the swords, you can only learn fighting each other. There are many other weapons of terror that has been invented. Now all the super powers have the atomic power, the most destructive weapon of the modern time. The holders of such weapons are supposed to be mightier countries. Now I ask my opposition to answer how the atom bomb, has been invented. In fact, this is the gift of science or knowledge whose alternate name is pen. This proves that the power itself is not self reliant without the help of pen. The power having no support of pen will never be effective, and will be weak and defenceless. I do not say that the sword and other weapons used are useless, but their use should be strictly limited to self-defence and for the ultimate benefit of mankind. It is therefore imperative that the sword is used for tyranny and oppression as well as implement justices. Whereas the pen whose second name is knowledge and wisdom makes the nation literate, cultured, and well behaved. The words from pen are always better than blood spilt out by the sword. We could express and convey our feelings of justice and peace through words of wisdom. Our thoughts and opinions, justice and belief, laws of human rights and humanitarian principles can only be written through the pen. You cannot enforce justice and peace through the mightiest sword. The pen is the pioneer of truth and justice, teaches us to help poor, oppressed and downtrodden. The rule of the pen can make the world a peaceful place and a paradise on the Earth.

breast implants essays

breast implants essays Breast implants, should they be made illegal or kept legal? That is the question. I personally think they should be left legal. I will tell you why, give you facts/statistics, arguments etc. about why I think that breast implants should not be illegal. The results of test and the percentages are all real. Allot of the statistics are from the worlds leading developer and manufacturer of saline and silicone filled breast implants, this is the Mcghan medical corp. In todays society, women can constantly feel the pressure of needing to look their best. Women can develop concerns over their self-image, feeling their breasts are not the right size or shape. A womens breast is fully developed by her twenties. She may have very small under developed breasts or very large breasts that cause back and neck discomfort. Other factors such as pregnancy, nursing, weight loss, age and gravity can take their toll on the appearance of womans breast adding to the concern. Cosmetic breast surgery offers many options of these concerns, with procedures that can sculpt a womans breasts to a more becoming size and shape. Breast enhancement procedures can enlarge and contour the breasts, giving a woman a shapely figure and making her more confident in her appearance. Many women experience a decrease in breast size and shape after pregnancy or with age. Sagging breasts or breast ptosis can be corrected with a breast lift and implants placement, giving firmer and younger looking breasts. Overly large breasts can be embarrassing and can also lead to skin irritation and back, neck and shoulder discomfort. Breast reduction procedures remove excess tissue, skin and fat to reshape and lift the breast. This procedure can greatly benefit women of all ages by relieving discomfort and allowing them to have a more active lifestyle. There are many options available to reconstruct the breast after mastectomy. Using implants or the...

Free Essays on American Colonists

The American colonists resisted taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760’s and 1770’s. This was set on the grounds that no man’s property could be legitimately taken from him without his own precise consent, either directly with the owner or even through his representatives. The slogan â€Å"No taxation without representation† came about and caused the colonists to rally behind it’s true meaning. So can it be justified that a man’s property may be taken away from him just for the sole purpose of British Parliament rules? We cannot also forget that another key battle was brewing about over the colonists and Parliament. We have also heard about the supporter’s of Parliament and their agreement in taxation without representation. Was this in fact true? During the 17th century the British people themselves went so far as to overthrow their monarch first in 1649 and again in 1688. This was because of the fact that the king tri ed to rule without seeking the advice and consent of the nation’s own representative body, the House of Commons. These two growing problems led to the potential agreement that both American and Englishmen believed that private property could not be taken by the government without proper consent. Virtually all American and Englishmen did in fact believe that a form of government without the owner’s consent could not legitimately take private property. For the English in the 17th century, â€Å"no one had more power than another† according to John Locke (1632-1704). Locke also stated â€Å"All men may be restrained from invading others’ rights.† God has given the world to all men in common, and he has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience. The surrounding earth was in fact given to men for the support and comfort of their being. Every man has a property in his own way, and nobody has any right to it but himself. What makes the land a ma... Free Essays on American Colonists Free Essays on American Colonists The American colonists resisted taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760’s and 1770’s. This was set on the grounds that no man’s property could be legitimately taken from him without his own precise consent, either directly with the owner or even through his representatives. The slogan â€Å"No taxation without representation† came about and caused the colonists to rally behind it’s true meaning. So can it be justified that a man’s property may be taken away from him just for the sole purpose of British Parliament rules? We cannot also forget that another key battle was brewing about over the colonists and Parliament. We have also heard about the supporter’s of Parliament and their agreement in taxation without representation. Was this in fact true? During the 17th century the British people themselves went so far as to overthrow their monarch first in 1649 and again in 1688. This was because of the fact that the king tri ed to rule without seeking the advice and consent of the nation’s own representative body, the House of Commons. These two growing problems led to the potential agreement that both American and Englishmen believed that private property could not be taken by the government without proper consent. Virtually all American and Englishmen did in fact believe that a form of government without the owner’s consent could not legitimately take private property. For the English in the 17th century, â€Å"no one had more power than another† according to John Locke (1632-1704). Locke also stated â€Å"All men may be restrained from invading others’ rights.† God has given the world to all men in common, and he has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience. The surrounding earth was in fact given to men for the support and comfort of their being. Every man has a property in his own way, and nobody has any right to it but himself. What makes the land a ma...

Blog 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog 7 - Essay Example It gives a clear direction on what is to be addressed in the study. The essence of a thesis in an argumentative essay is to declare a particular stand on what one believes is the correct line of thought. It is to bring about a distinction between the popular thought within the text and the other side of the story that is contrary to a particular line of argument (Bieze, 3). Consequently, it is critical to note that a thesis statement can either endorse or go against the contrary point of view. Ordinarily, a thesis statement should bring about a different line of argument that paints a different picture of what is thought to be the generally accepted knowledge (Yirinec and Vinson, 1). To develop a thesis, the research details have to be noted down based on the thought and what is to be researched on. This is a very critical step as it defines the development of the thesis. After coming up with the description, the ultimate agenda is to narrow down on the specifics of the research. It is then imperative that the sources of information gathered are listed as appropriate with respect to the study. Anything that suggests ideas contrary to a person’s line of argument should be listed. With all these steps, a thesis statement is the drafted based on the information that is necessary for the study (Yirinec, 2). The researcher has to avoid the temptation of not making a claim. This rather makes the thesis, none issue. Giving statements of facts do not make the research anything new. The thesis has the express need to come up with new ideas and arguments. Conventional thoughts and quotes should be avoided as they do not make the thesis or a line of thought anything different (Carabelli, 1). Quoting directly from an essay is only viable when the paper has been published and recommended as an important source. The paper must have passed the test of an essay that is to say that the essay must have the evidence and all that entails a good paper. The main

Coordination and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coordination and Control - Essay Example In addition, it is responsible for processing sensory information from external stimuli, such as sight. This system is responsible for the regulation of such involuntary functions of the body as digestion, blood flow, and heartbeat. The autonomic nervous system is most essential for two functions, which are during emergencies that lead to stress and need the individual to either take flight or fight and during non-emergencies, allowing the individual to digest and rest (Mai & Paxinos, 2012: p55), which are under the sympathetic or parasympathetic system respectively. This system is responsible for the regulation of bodily functions like digestion, sweating, and heart rate. The sympathetic system provides for fast responses required for immediate needs, for example in response to present threats. The SNS is responsible for the regulation of many processes of homeostasis in the human body at a basic level, as well as in mobilization of the flight or fight response (Mai & Paxinos, 2012: p56). This is the second part of the autonomic system that opposes the sympathetic system, for example by dilating blood vessels and slowing the heartbeat down. This system serves to relax sphincter muscles, increase glandular and intestinal activity, and slow heart rate, thus conserving energy and this is the reason why it is also referred to as the rest and digest system (Mai & Paxinos, 2012: p56). Sensory neurons transmit signals from peripheral body parts to the CNS, including such sensory information as sound and sight. The neurons undergo activation by sensory input before projecting this information to other nervous system elements (Widmaier et al, 2011: p27). They are afferent neurons, only transmitting signals towards the CNS. Relay neurons conduct information from one part of the CNS to another, forming connections between other neurons. The term relay neurons also refer to

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Marketing - Essay Example First and foremost, SWOT analysis helps to evaluate the internal and external environment of the program where it will implement. This will help the health care institution or program to determine the amount of material needed for the installation of the program (Wijngaarden, Scholten, & Wijk, 2007). It will help evaluate possible strength, weakness, opportunities and threats to the new service or new health care program. Considering the case of Coventry Health Care Company that implemented SWOT analysis for its planning and initiation of service, it was clearly noted that the company had to change its implementation plan because they evaluated that their infrastructure can undergo a lot of threats. The only way that helped Coventry health care company understand the threats was the usage of SWOT analysis before their entry in the market (Wijngaarden, Scholten, & Wijk, 2007). Thus, it can be said that SWOT analysis is a very effective marketing took that can be applied carefully to determine possible threats or strengths for the new service in the market. Usage of SWOT analysis is highly recommended in health care industry. Wijngaarden, J., Scholten, G., & Wijk, K. (2007). Strategic analysis for health care organizations: the suitability of the SWOT-analysis. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 27(1),

How Was Vietnam Sexual Bias Essay Example for Free

How Was Vietnam Sexual Bias Essay People have long suffered because of their sexual orientation, but the increasing frequency and severity of this problem only recently gained the attention of the United Nations. Human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity encompasses violence, cruelty, discrimination, and other acts of hatred based on real or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined as ―each person‘s capacity for profound emotional, affectional and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different gender or of the same gender or of more than one gender. Gender identity refers to ―deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond to the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body (which may involve, if freely chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other means) and other expressions of gender, including dress, speech and mannerisms. Violations of sexual minorities are manifested in two ways: 1) physical harm resulting from murder, kidnapping, sexual assault or other forms of violence and 2) unfair treatment, deprivation of liberty, and discrimination exercised on personal and institutional levels. The aspect of physical harm is more frequently noted by the media, but many cases go unreported and without the attention that is needed to curb their prevalence. Special rapporteurs from the UN found previously unnoted examples that show the gravity of these issues. A period of violence specifically targeting members of lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and transgender (LGBT) groups in Honduras resulted in the brutal killings of 21 people in 2010. One of these victims was ―found dead in a ditch, her body beaten and burned, showing evidence of rape and blows to her face from stoning so severe as to render the remains virtually unrecognizable. In other parts of the world, transsexual women have been beaten in the breasts and cheekbones to intentionally burst implants and release painful toxins in their bodies. Four people were seriously attacked in Uganda and many were forced to hide when a local paper published the photos of 100 people it said were homosexuals and encouraged people to ―hang them. There‘s a cultural contribution to the prevalence of this violence, too. More than 5,000 honor killings take place each year to punish people who do not remain true to cultural expectations. An increasing number of these victims are killed because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. This is seen in the 2009 Iraq killing campaign that tortured and murdered hundreds of LGBT members on the basis of protecting society from the ―third sex. Killings also take place by victims‘ relatives to preserve their family‘s honor. Cultural myths such as homosexuality being a disease or that lesbian women‘s sexual orientation will change if they are raped by a man are also dangerous elements of this problem. Though physical violence based on sexual orientation and gender equality is a pressing issue, attention must also be given to the second aspect of this topic. Discrimination and unfair treatment based on sexual orientation date back to the religious laws of the Bible and other holy books. Napoleon temporarily established laws decriminalizing homosexuality as part of his penal code in 1791, but long-term protection did not take place until Denmark repealed its similar laws in 1933. Almost all other countries have followed Denmark‘s example since then except for those in the Middle East (save for Israel), North Africa, and the former British colonies in Africa, the Caribbean, and South Asia. These latter countries are the most common (but not exclusive) context in which LGBT members are deprived of their liberty in areas of ―judicial prosecution and trial, administrative detention, deprivation of liberty on medical grounds and arrest for the purposes of harassment, among o thers. Even countries that have repealed these laws can foster unfair treatment stemming from sexual orientation because of their inability to better protect victims. Cases of discrimination based on sexual orientation are vastly underreported, but several examples exist that illustrate its solemn presence in the life of people of all ages. According to a 2007 study, up to 40 percent of homeless youth were turned away from their homes and charitable shelters because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. LGBT students are often the targets of violence, harassment, and other forms of bullying while in high school and college. In addition to the physical harm that results, many victims struggle with emotional consequences such as depression and low self-esteem. A 2010 report on prison conditions in Greece revealed that ―detainees in a lesbian, gay and transgender section of a prison were reportedly denied access to an outside yard for two years, confined to their cells and a corridor at all times. Striving to address these forms of discrimination and unfair treatment, the Human Rights Committee (HRC) affirmed that its regard to ―equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other statusâ€â€" in Article 26 of the ICCPR extends to discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. Even so, the lack of response from Honduras, Greece, and other countries in which similar atrocities occur demonstrates that nations have not fully adopted the HRC‘s concern on the issue. Without the creation and observation of standard operating procedures that guide law enforcement to handling these issue seriously and responding properly to violations that occur, these countries are unable to progress toward a greater solution. There have been several emergences of human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity in recent world events. In March 2012, a gay man died after being attacked by a group of neo-Nazis at a park in Chile. The perpetrators tortured the man for an hour by carving swastikas in his body and otherwise mutilating him. His death brought renewed efforts by the UN and human rights organizations to call attention to the mistreatment of sexual minorities and the need for harsher penalties for hate crimes. Another example was seen that same month in a different arena when Muslim delegates protested legitimizing homosexuality by walking out of the first UN Human Rights Council debate on gay rights. Without these nations‘ support, the problems will persist and further metastasize. Past UN Action: The UN has made efforts to ensure that the issues of sexual orientation and gender identity are given equal attention to all other areas of human rights violations. In 2007, the International Commission of Jurists‘ discussion on the inclusion of sexual minorities in human rights protection resulted in the ―Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. This document served as the foundation for later work by the OAS (AG/RES. 2435) and the UN‘s first resolution (A/HRC/17/L.9/Rev.1) concerning LGBT rights. The UN‘s resolution affirms that violations based on sexual orientation or gender identity are matters of human rights, and it calls for a report on related cases of violence and discrimination. The report (A/HRC/19/41) was published in November 2011 and accounts for unprecedented levels of violence and injustice shown toward sexual minorities. Most recently, th e UN reiterated its deep concern of violence based on sexual orientation and urged member nations to prioritize its reduction and elimination. Problems and Possible Solutions: Researchers fear that the majority of violations go unreported due to the shame of the victim or the apathy of the law and legal systems in some countries. Real action most often takes place when international attention is drawn by a death caused by hate crimes based on sexual orientation or gender identity. There may be no better solution for this problem than to increase international pressure on countries to curb the rate of crimes committed against LGBT members. If a sense of national pride for reducing the crime rate could be established – and a strong sense of shame if the rate remained the same or deteriorates – then a solution to this issue would be more effective and more sustainable. Questions to Consider as you Prepare: * Which should efforts for change focus on: law or education? Who should enact these changes and where would funding originate? * Is there one general solution to this problem or is it region-specific? If solutions are region-specific, how could resolutions be tailored to meet the problems of multiple regions? Who would determine what each regional problem requires to be eliminated? * How can the reporting of crimes based on sexual orientation be improved? How can international actors help without posing a risk to nations‘ sovereignty? * With many crimes occurring within prisons, how can LGBT members be better protected? Is there a way to do this without incurring significant expenses?

Analysis of Iron and Silk by Mark Salzman Essay -- Iron and Silk China

Analysis of Iron and Silk by Mark Salzman This book was given to me by a good friend who knew that I had an interest in Asia. I chose to read it because it was a true story and was told that it was a good read.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author travels to China as an English teacher for the Hunan Medical School. There he stayed for two years picking up many anecdotes along the way. The author already had spent a large amount of his life studying Chinese language and the martial arts. However, when he arrives in China he meets teachers who have dedicated their entire lives to perfecting a particular art or skill, whether it be martial arts or calligraphy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mark Salzman was perfecting his calligraphy skills and as weeks had passed he began to make progress. He was getting tired of the models and wanted to try something new. When he told Hai Bin,(his teacher), he frowned and said,†Some people spend their entire lives researching a single model. You should be willing to spend a year on this one.† This is an example of the dedication and perseverance these men have towards their chosen artform or skill. Another example of this theme, was Mark’s Wushu teacher, Pan, who punched a fifty pound plate of steel up to ten thousand times a day. Mark’s relentless practicing of the many forms of Wushu was influenced by Pan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salzman also showed that there was great oppression. The people of China were under constant surveillance and control. Rarely were they able to make important decisions f...

The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Essay examples -- English Literat

The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Commentary on â€Å"The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me† by Eavan Bolland The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me by Eavan Bolland reflects on the last of a love life of a couple during pre-war Paris using a symbol, a ‘Black Lace Fan’. Bolland achieves this through the use of weather imagery, the changing of his tense from past to present, and using literary features such as simile, metaphor, personification and repetition. In the first stanza of the poem, Bolland disconcerts the reader by using the diction â€Å"it† twice, though representing different things. The first ‘it’ represents the lace and the second ‘it’ is used to substitute the climate of the setting. â€Å"It was stifling. /A starless drought made the nights stormy.† This quotation starts building up the tension in the reader’s mind because of the suffocated feeling the poet creates by mentioning the word â€Å"stifling† in a short sentence that creates a frustrated tone. The metaphor describing the stormy night also produces a sense of insecurity through the weather imagery by expressing anxiety through contradicting dictions like â€Å"drought† and â€Å"stormy†. The first two lines of the second stanza have a repetition of the word â€Å"they† as the first word of each line. This repetition is used to create a rhythm and to describe the routine of the man and woman meeting in cafes and the woman always being early. â€Å"They met in cafes. She was always early. / He was late. That evening he was later. / They wrapped the fan. He looked at his watch.† The syntax of this quotation produces a tone that is frantic because the sentences are short and the reader tends to read that part of the poem fast, and with a jerk at the middle of each... ... express that the man was lost and was unheard of, though what happens to the man next is left to the reader’s imagination. The last stanza completely changes subject and describes the actions of a blackbird in a summer morning. The weather once again is a factor in this poem and the climatic conditions are described using the diction â€Å"sultry† and â€Å"heat†. The last sentence, â€Å"Suddenly she puts out her wing – the whole flirtatious span of it† is a personification that is used to express the symbolism of the black lace fan. Finally, this poem reflects upon the story of a loving couple and the significance of the black lace, in the woman’s life, who loses her man. The poem is expressed by the use of weather imagery, the changing of tenses from past to present, and also the use of literary features such as metaphors, simile, personification and repetition.

Salvation

Initial thesis statement: Is salvation â€Å"by faith alone† (according to Luther) or must there be a â€Å"cooperation of faith and works† in salvation (according to the Roman Catholic tradition)? My initial answer to this question before I began this study was that of the Roman Catholic tradition, one must have the combination of both faith and works. Although faith plays a big part of salvation, I tend to believe without both works and faith you may not receive it. 2) First view: Salvation is â€Å"by faith alone† is held to be true by many people.Perhaps the most popular figure from the European Reformation, Martin Luther, noted for his doctrine of justification by faith alone was one who believed that only faith was needed for salvation, and he also held true that God provided everything that is necessary for justification. In 1528 Luther spoke out about salvation saying, â€Å"This faith alone, when based upon the sure promises of God, must save us; as our text clearly explains. And in the light of it all, they must become fools who have taught us other ways to become godly. †¦Man may forever do as he will, he can never enter heaven unless God takes the first step with his Word, which offers him divine grace and enlightens his heart so as to get upon the right way. † Another important person who was on the side of salvation through faith alone is Paul. He uses a passage from Ephesians to support of his idea. â€Å"For it is by grace you have been saved through faith-and this is not from yourself, it is the gift of God-not by works, so that no one can boast. † He puts the emphasis on the fact that salvation is by faith alone.Paul later goes on to say â€Å"For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. † That being said, we as humans are created to do good works, but reach salvation through faith alone. Yet another passage suggesting tha t we must only have faith is â€Å"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. † 3) Opposing view: In contrast to Luther’s view, the Roman Catholic view states that salvation is by a â€Å"cooperation of faith and works. James 2:17-18: In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. But someone will say, â€Å"You have faith; I have deeds. † Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by my deeds. This creates a big contradictory in the bible. Although some may say deeds are not needed, in this very passage we are told without them our justification ceases to exist. One verse that simply breaks down and gives a great example of salvation through faith and works is James 2:20-26 that states: â€Å"20 You foolish person, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless?Was not our father Abraham considered ri ghteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that his faith and his actions were working together, and his faith was made complete by what he did. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, â€Å"Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,† and he was called God’s friend. 24 You see that a person is considered righteous by what they do and not by faith alone. 25 In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute considered righteous for what she did when she gave lodging to the spies and sent them off in a different direction? 6 As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead. † In this passage are two great examples of two different people that receive salvation through both their work and faith in God. They didn’t know exactly what was going to happen when they listened to the word of God and did as he told them, but through faith in him they were able to do so and reach j ustification. They had never seen God but were put in the position to decide whether or not he existed. 4) â€Å"Critical Realist†: With respect to this doctrine I agree with the Roman Catholic tradition that salvation must have a cooperation of faith and works.The reason I still hold this to be true is that throughout the bible and other readings the support behind the idea of works and faith both being crucial to receiving salvation is much stronger than those of Luther. Luther made some great points that through faith, works is automatically going to be inclusive. He also made the point that God makes the first step to giving you all the things necessary to obtain salvation. However, I believe that if someone is faithful in the lord God and wants to be welcome to salvation, then in the rocess of life the works will come naturally to that person. On the other hand if someone is said to be faithful in God and do something harmful or bad to another person, then that so-called faithful person has gone against his/her faith in doing so causing them to fade away from salvation. I have learned from Luther’s view that there are many supportive articles and passages. I have also learned that there are great ideas in both of these arguments, however when it comes down to choosing one of the following the Roman Catholic tradition.My initial has not been strengthened nor weakened after doing the research and studying both sides. Both sides hold a firm argument, but the Roman Catholic view just seemed to catch my attention more. 5) Final Thesis Statement: This doctrine helps answering the initial question by giving information about both of the opinions and going into detailed arguments. I would say that the answer to the initial question is the to obtain salvation, one must have a combination of faith and works.Work Cited â€Å"On Faith & Coming to Christ, by Martin Luther. † <http://homepage. mac. om/shanerosenthal/reformationink/mlonfaith. htm>. McGrath, Alister E. Historical Theology: an Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Print. Ankerberg, John, and John Weldon. Protestants & Catholics: Do They Now Agree? Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1995. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. McGrath, Alister E. Historical Theology: an Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Print. [ 2 ]. â€Å"On Faith & Coming to Christ, by Martin Luther. † . [ 3 ]. Ephesians 2:8-9 [ 4 ]. Ephesians 2:10 Salvation A. Name the central character, protagonist – The main character is Langston Huges. (The author) B. Describe his/her key qualities or personality traits (complicated, stereotype, unique, round, flat, etc. ): Langston Huges is seemed as he’s full of integrity, honest to himself, sensitive, and observant. C. Who is another important character in the story, an antagonist? – Other important characters mentioned in this story are the Aunt, his friend Westley, and the pastor. II. Setting or time and place: Identify where and when the story takes place – The place is at bible church when Huges was 13 years old. III. Plot: A. What structure or design does the sequence of events follow: chronological, spatial, or order of importance? – The structure that is used in this story is chronological. A. Discuss the opening, rising action, climax (twist, surprise, turning point, and unexpected development), resolution and the denouement – The story started out in church and Huges was put into a special meeting to be seen by Jesus. You were told you were saved when you saw a light and before you knew it all the kids except Huges and Westley were remaining not being able to see the light. Westley got tired and pretended to be saved and Huges remained there for a while until he made a decision to be like Westley and got up to be pretended to be saved. Climax: When he cries late at night in bed. IV. Conflict/resolution (individual vs. individual; individual vs. society; individual vs. nature; individual vs. self? ): Huges is dealing with society so it would be individual vs society. A. What major problem is the main character faced with? Huges was attempting to be seen by Jesus and was trying to wait for a light to be saved. He’s taking things too literally. B. How does the main character attempt to solve this major problem? Langston Huges gets up and says he saw a light from Jesus. He tries to solve it by making confessions. V. Point of view: (First person, third person observer, third person omniscient? )- First person VI. Message or lesson: Can you think of appropriate expressions, proverbs or maxims that capsulate the main lesson? (Stand your ground): When you want to introduce an abstract subject to a child, you have to approach it easy and not so literal. VII. Theme: controlling or main idea: (brevity of life, loneliness, human suffering as a result of world conflicts, etc. The theme is about religion. (Religious experience as related by a child)

Diplomatic Immunity essays

Diplomatic Immunity essays While unloading the ship which carried the embassy's materials, one box marked "household effects" dropped from a forklift. More than six hundred pounds of marijuana worth 500,000 British pounds (1982 prices) For centuries governments have used ambassadors, and diplomats to represent their nation. These special envoys have done everything from resolving years of conflict, deciding on how much humanitarian relief will be sent to a nation, or just being present at diplomatic dinners and ceremonies. These people have been the vital link between nations, and they have enjoyed complete immunity from the law of the host nation. Originally this immunity was extended as a courtesy to allow for an uneventful stay in the host country. While in a foreign country on official business, the diplomat would be granted exemption from arrest or detention by local authorities; their actions not subject to civil or criminal law. For the longest time this privilege produced little or no incidents. However, this unique position of freedom that diplomats, their family, and staff have been graced with has not been so ideal. Recently the occurrences of abuse for personal or national gain has grown out of proportion. What once protected the diplomat and his staff from parking tickets and some differing social laws, now grants them protection under the law to commit crimes such as drug trafficking, kidnapping, rape, and murder. Even though serious crimes are rare and punishable to various extents in most countries, domestic authorities were forced to look the other way. While it would be convenient to believe that the six hundred pounds of marijuana was sent for personal consumption at the embassy, it is evident a small drug trafficking ring was being protected under The international community has tried to develop a universally accepted set of norms governing the conduct and privil...

Kingship Essays

Kingship Essays Kingship Essay Kingship Essay Essay Topic: Literature To be a good king, God must pick you. In Elizabethan times, everyone believed that to be a king, you had to be blessed by the Right of Kings which comes from God. The Elizabethans followed many orders, this being one of them. The murder of a king is far worse than any other kind of crime as you destroy Gods order ad also the structure of society. Confusion now hath made his master piece. Most sacrilegious murder hath broken ope The Lords anointed temple. The kings were measured on how great they were, this makes it possible for us to compare Duncan, Macbeth and Malcolm. This is the test, which Malcolm provides in Act 4 Scene 3. This play was written for King James 1 in memory of King Edward. King Edward has powers unlimited and could cure these qualities were supposed to be inherited by the next kings to come. I believe that Malcolm had these skills (as portrayed in Act 4 Scene 3). He also was witty and sharp to think of a test for Macduff. Duncan was a righteous king he was picked by God, and whoever he picked next would be righteous too. This was Malcolm, not Macbeth. The public would have agreed with Malcolm taking the throne and not Macbeth as God had picked Duncan, and then he picked Malcolm. Another good point about Duncan and then Malcolm to become king was that everyone like them as they were worthy of becoming kings. Malcolm was worthy, until after Duncans death, he fled. This turned the public against him, but it was Macbeths fault. In that way, Duncan and Malcolm were very much alike; but they were also different from one another in other ways. Duncan was a bad decision maker, as at the start of the play, we realise that Duncan has been tricked and deceived by the Thane of Cawdor, No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive Our bosom interest. Go pronounce his present death, And with former title greet Macbeth. This shows that Duncan was a bit gullible, and also too loyal and trusting. He made a bad decision in making Macbeth Thane of Cawdor, as the power went to his head and he became greedy and selfish. This is the main way that Malcolm and his father were different. Malcolm was much wiser than his father and used tests; like in Act 4 Scene 3 with Macduff to test peoples loyalty and to see if they were genuine or not. This worked greatly in his and his countrys favour. King Edward is mentioned in the play in Act 4 Scene 3, but we dont actually get to see him. He represents all the good things that the king is supposed to have e.g. his powers to cure, Justice, verity, temprance, stableness etc. These are the qualities that Malcolm had they symbolised that he was gong to make a great and glorious king one day, just like Edward who sets a wonderful example for Malcolm. In comparison to Macbeth, we clearly see that Malcolm is meant to be a king, and not Macbeth. Macbeth created the worse crime possible he killed the king. This shows that he has committed crimes against God and the society in his day. As God picks the future kings (as he did with Duncan and Malcolm through Duncan), as a king, you must give thanks to God, but Macbeth didnt. Malcolm would make a good king, as he possessed the qualities of thankfulness and graciousness that every king needed. Malcolm would make a fantastic king, as he had the right to the throne, given by God, and he worshipped God, for that reason. He also was a pure man and had never told a lie, (Act 4 Scene 3), The taints and blames I laid upon myself, For strangers to my nature. I am yet Unknown to woman, never was forsworn. He also has many good qualities that a normal man would not have; But I have none. The king becoming graces, As justice, verity, temprance, stableness, Bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness, Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude, As these are the king becoming graces, every king must possess them. Duncan possessed them and now Malcolm possesses them. All these qualities show that Malcolm has the great potential to be king and is on the peoples side being picked by God. He was like his father, who was a brilliant king and who everyone adored, only better. Therefore, in conclusion, according to all the evidence that I have presented, I think that Malcolm would make a great monarch. He has all the skills and necessary qualities to be a good ruler. Comparing him to the two past kings. He is better than both of them and would lead Scotland to victory after what Macbeth had done to it.